Toyota 3L diesel engine produced for 27 years, used them for different minibuses, trucks, pickups And SUVs. This motor has gained trust, so copies of it continue to be produced and used for automotive applications.
Technical features of the 3L engine
The 3L diesel engine consists of the following parts :
Cylinder head with camshaft
- Cylinder block made of cast iron and arranged in a row , with heads made of aluminum alloy.
- There are 8 valves , without hydraulic compensators.
- The attachments are designed in a special way that does not interfere with independent repairs.
- An outdated design in the form of a viscous coupling above the pump .
- To transfer oil, there is a trochoid pump and a lubrication system in the oil receiver area.
It is worth noting that no modernization was carried out for the 3L engine. Therefore, the engine has one design feature - the cylinder diameter and piston stroke are the same size ( 96 mm ).
Review of Toyota Duna (1995): no serious flaws
Toyota Duna has several names - Toyota Toyota (Dune), as well as Hino Dutra. Its 15V engine, designed for 4.1 liters, has 120 horsepower. There is no timing belt on the lower camshaft.
A huge plus in this car is the absence of a turbine. The body has a length of 4.3 meters. Wheels on six studs, rear twin. The springs are in a circle, so it’s a bit harsh when driving and, unlike the Isuzu Elfa, it’s less stable.
I bought it three months ago, driving it myself from Vladivostok. In the city, Toyota Duna consumes 15 liters of fuel.
I was amazed by the dynamics of this car - for a 2.5-ton truck, I’ll tell you, it’s very decent. This Toyota has a fairly large load capacity. If you load 2 tons, then there will still be a reserve for springs and at the same time decent dynamics will be maintained.
Disadvantages, disadvantages, weaknesses and advantages of the Toyota 2.8 diesel engine
Weaknesses and disadvantages of using this engine:
- Due to a broken timing belt , there is a high probability that not only the valve will bend , but the camshaft will also break .
- Valve clearances must be adjusted independently, because hydraulic compensators are not provided.
- It is necessary to replace the fuel injector when the mileage exceeds 200-300 thousand km .
- In most cases, people who use this engine do not complain about any breakdowns, but about leaks .
- These motors are noisy and vibration- , although they are very reliable.
Crankshaft
This is where all the engine problems end. Let's talk about the advantages of the Toyota 3L engine. This list includes: the absence of oxen and pushers in the gas distribution system, the ability to fill in mineral oil without subsequent problems, a crankshaft with a comprehensive set of counterweights . Also, if the combustion chamber breaks down, the device does not disconnect and does not fall out of the cylinder head, and the car itself can continue to move in any condition.
About the model
The small Toyota Dyna truck was not produced for a long time and did not manage to collect many reviews. Most of Dune's release took place in the 90s. The car is currently not produced under the Toyota Dune brand. A medium-duty truck has become a good household assistant for those who heard about this car in time and purchased it.
Now on the secondary market throughout Russia you can find 3-5 offers. The external condition of the car is not the best, but the price is high. A car is sold at an expensive price precisely because of its technical component.
Review of Toyota Dyna 2.0 petrol (133 hp)
The car was bought in 2021 in order to transport goods. Dune performed its function in this regard properly.
From the positive
The small-sized truck from Toyota has all-wheel drive or front-wheel drive. This is really a godsend in cases where the car is in constant demand and is driven mainly off-road.
When the car is fully loaded, nothing much changes, except that it picks up speed a little slower. The engine behaves like a tractor: it pulls without losing power.
Despite its age (the car was produced in 2006), it starts without problems, the engine does not require special attention and in cold weather it performs in the most positive way. The engine is really indestructible.
The frame of the car is also strong. Compared to analogues, fuel consumption is low, and it does not change depending on the vehicle load.
Model history
The first series of light trucks entered production in 1956 and had the index RK52. The car was created on the Toyota Toyopet platform, on which, by the way, the Toyopet Master passenger sedan was also produced.
The next series with indexes K70-K160 went on sale in 1959. It was from this series that the trucks acquired their own name Dyna.
With the launch of the next generation K170 in 1963, buyers were offered a choice of a 1.9-liter gasoline engine producing 80 hp. With. and a 2.3-liter diesel engine with 64 hp. With. A “heavy” modification of the Toyota Dyna also appeared with a longer wheelbase, a double tire rear axle and a load capacity of 2.5 tons.
The U10 series in 1968 already had two wheelbase options, three payload options and 3 engines to choose from: gasoline and two diesel. Minibuses were also produced on the basis of this chassis.
The new U20/Y20 series began to be sold in 1978 in a split version. Modifications U20-U50 had a carrying capacity of 2-3 tons, could be equipped with single or double rear wheels, a standard or wide cab. Modifications Y20-Y40 had a load capacity of 1-1.5 tons and a total weight of up to 3.5 tons.
The U60-Y50 series, launched in 1985, was also divided by tonnage. The “heavy” U60-U90 series had a load capacity of 2-3.5 tons. Light trucks with a total weight of up to 3.5 tons had indexes Y50-Y60. For the first time on Dyna models, a 5-speed transmission is standard. Cars produced before 1989 had round headlights, trucks from 1989-1995 had rectangular ones.
With the release of the new generation U100-Y100 in 1995, Dunes began to be imported en masse to Russia. As before, they differed in that the Y100 indices had models with a load capacity of 1-1.5 tons, the U100 indices had models with a load capacity of 2-3.5 tons. The production of trucks of this generation was completed in 2002.
The more modern Y200-U300 series began to be produced in 2000. The Y200 index meant a load capacity of 1-1.5 tons, the U300-U500 index meant a load capacity of 2-3.5 tons. The line of diesel engines was replenished with a hybrid modification. The Hino factories, owned by Toyota, began producing the Hino Dutro truck, an analogue of the Toyota Dyna.
The latest modification based on the 2000 series entered the production line in 2011 and received the indexes U600-U800.
Engine reviews, pros and cons
Judging by the reviews, car owners experience frequent leaks as a result of long-term operation of the engine without proper preventive maintenance. But here the owner himself is more likely to blame than the engine or the company installing the engine on the vehicle.
Increased diesel fuel consumption and an outdated viscous coupling negatively affect user reviews. The 3L engine may experience prolonged oil starvation due to the oil line being too long.
The second disadvantage that users highlight is the bursting of the combustion chamber. They do not fall out of the cylinder head. The car can travel another thousand kilometers with such a breakdown.
These motors are noisy. Too much vibration comes from them at idle. This is all also included in the negative assessment of car owners.
But the advantages largely cover the negative aspects of the power unit described above. Overheating in such 3L engines is almost impossible. There were even cases when a vehicle drove properly with a broken pump in the cooling system.
According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the timing belt does not break up to 100 thousand kilometers. However, according to experienced car owners, the engine will operate up to 150 thousand km with the same belt.
Attention! Experienced mechanics still advise looking at the belt after 60 thousand km. This is done to prevent the valves from bending.
Car owners approve of the fact that the engine is not tied to synthetics or mineral water. Both synthetic and mineral oils can be used. This will not harm the motor. It is only recommended to buy lubricants in specialized auto stores. Since a counterfeit lubricant can lead to failure of the power unit.
Similar article Technical characteristics of the 2JZ GE engine
The attachments are installed in such a way that they do not interfere with preventative maintenance of the engine. For this, experienced mechanics are grateful to Toyota.
The fuel filter is updated after a mileage of sixty thousand kilometers. And spark plugs are changed after 20 thousand km. The intake manifold also serves as a fuel filter. After 60 thousand km, the walls in it begin to burn out. Replacement to come.
On SUVs and pickups, it is necessary to clean the air filter devices once a year and change them after a mileage of 50 thousand km. For buses and trucks with this engine, it is recommended to clean the air filters twice a year.
The oil filter device is replaced after 10 thousand kilometers. And the engine oil itself is changed after a mileage of 5 thousand km. If the car is not used and has been sitting in the garage for a year, then it is better to replace the lubricant at the beginning of the car’s operation.
Technical description
The Toyota Dyna truck has a cabover design in which the cabin is installed directly above the engine, which allows it to have a spacious cabin and a long cargo platform with low dimensions. The basis of the machine is a steel spar frame of a closed profile, which indicates the high reliability and durability of the Dune.
The main modifications are tilted trucks and vans, but the model range includes dump trucks, garbage trucks, refrigerators and trailers.
In the basic configuration, the truck is offered with a single-row cab, characterized by large internal volume, excellent all-round visibility and a comfortable seat for the driver. An analogue of the Toyota Dyna is equipped with a two-row 6-seater cabin. The model range includes a minibus option designed for passenger transportation.
The interior trim is made of high-quality plastics and fabrics, including velor. The standard cab has 3 seats, including the driver's seat. The basic configuration includes electric windows and mirrors with electric drives and heating. The instrument panel is equipped with all the necessary indicators and sensors.
The truck has good aerodynamics for a cabover design. Rectangular headlights provide good illumination of the road at night, and large rear-view mirrors provide good visibility from the driver's seat.
Transmission and chassis
The front and rear suspensions are dependent, on leaf springs with hydraulic shock absorbers.
The drive is classic, to the rear wheels. For the domestic Japanese market there is an option with all-wheel drive.
Transmissions are manual, 5 and 6 speed. A version with an automatic transmission is available upon request.
The brake system is hydraulic, dual-circuit. Front brakes are ventilated discs. Rear drum type mechanisms.
