The Japanese company Toyota is one of the largest car manufacturers in the world. Toyota engines have proven themselves to be high-tech, reliable and durable power units.
In the model range of this automaker you can find both economical three and four-cylinder engines and powerful diesel engines with six and eight cylinders.
Economical Toyota engines, which are reliable and easy to maintain, are also very popular. We offer you a short overview of Toyota engines.
Specifications
Technical characteristics of the 4S motor:
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| PARAMETER | MEANING |
| Years of manufacture | 1987– 1999 |
| Engine weight, | 155 kg |
| Cylinder block material | cast iron |
| Supply system | injector |
| Type | in-line |
| Engine displacement | 1.8 |
| Power | 105-125 horsepower at 5600-6000 rpm |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves | 4 |
| Piston stroke | 86 |
| Cylinder diameter | 82 |
| Compression ratio | 9.3 |
| Torque, Nm/rpm | 149-162Nm / 2800 |
| Environmental standards | EURO 3 |
| Fuel | AI 95 |
| Fuel consumption | 6.7 l/100 km combined cycle |
| Oil | 5W-30 - 10W-30 |
| Oil volume | 4.2 |
| When replacing, pour | 4.0 liters |
| The oil change is carried out | 10 thousand km |
| Engine life - according to factory data - in practice | n.d 300 |
The 4s engine is installed on Toyota: Corona, Camry, Caldina, Celica, Mark II, Carina.
Which cars were equipped with the 2ST power unit?
The Toyota 2ST diesel engine was installed on the following vehicles:
Similar article Technical characteristics of the Japanese Toyota 1GZ FE engine
- Avensis T220. Installed from 1997 to 2000;
- Corolla from 1996 to 1997;
- LiteAce M30 from 1985 to 1992;
- Caldina;
- Corona;
- Camry from 1986 to 1991.
Experienced mechanics advise carrying out annual preventative maintenance on the engines of the vehicles described above. Then the car owner will not know grief with the 2ST engine.
Description
The most widespread today are turbocharged four-cylinder and naturally aspirated six-cylinder Toyota engines. All power units of this manufacturer are designed to use gasoline with an octane rating of at least A 93.
Modern beams series engines are equipped with a multi-point injection system, which simultaneously provides excellent fuel economy and improves the dynamic characteristics of vehicles.
Note that Toyota carburetor engines are common on the market, which can run on low-octane gasoline and are characterized by their simple design, ease of maintenance and repair.
- All modern engines from this manufacturer are equipped with hydraulic compensator systems, which eliminates the need for the car owner to adjust the valve clearance. This greatly simplifies maintenance work.
- We also note that most models of six-cylinder engines from this manufacturer are equipped with a timing chain drive, which eliminates the need for servicing this unit. While most four-cylinder engines have a timing belt drive, which requires replacement, depending on its modification, after 50-70 thousand kilometers.
- The use of a two-shaft layout and modern engine control systems made it possible to significantly reduce the noise of the operating power unit. The car owner just needs to take into account that such Toyota engines place increased demands on the quality of the motor oil used. That is why it is recommended to carry out all service work on time and not skimp on the quality of consumables.
- One of the first fuel-injected four-cylinder Toyota engines was the 4S engine. This modification is a modernized 2c engine. The volume of this power unit is 1.8 liters.
- Among the features of the power unit of this type, we can note the cylinder diameter reduced to 82 millimeters (for the 2c engine - 86 millimeters), as well as the modified shape of the exhaust and intake manifold.
- The 4s engine first appeared in 1987 and was able to stay on the assembly line until 1999. This engine, depending on its generation, produced power from 105 to 125 horsepower. Thanks to the use of an injector and a fully automatic control system, this engine was distinguished by its smooth running and excellent traction over a wide speed range. It should be noted that the 4S engines were omnivorous, which could run on low-octane gasoline.
- The gasoline engine labeled 5E and with a displacement of 1.5 liters has become, probably, one of the most popular power units produced by this Japanese automaker. This 5a engine had excellent fuel efficiency and at the same time had decent power characteristics.
- The 5e engine appeared in 1990 and lasted on the assembly line for 8 years. Over the years, about ten million copies of the 5e engines and its 5a modifications were produced, which were installed on the Toyota Corolla and other mass-produced models of this Japanese automaker.
Reviews
Victor, driving experience – 15 years
I picked up my 2005 Toyota Corolla with a mileage of 60,000 km, this was in 2008. I've been driving for a long time, I have no complaints, the diesel engine works as it should. The first year I got used to the automatic after the manual, now I can’t imagine another transmission. Surprisingly, the motor is almost silent and pulls well at speed. Fuel consumption on the highway is only 5 liters per 100 km, and in the city - around 6 liters. After another 50 thousand km, I replaced the pump and changed the antifreeze. In general, no complaints - the best option for those who want to save money. By the way, all diesel variations before 2008 and after were assembled exclusively for the European market, which means the quality is appropriate.
Dmitry, driving experience - 16 years
I am the owner of a 2009 Corolla with a 1.4 liter diesel engine. The total mileage of my car, purchased from the first owner, is 180,000 km. I personally drove 35,000 km on it. In the process, I replaced the diode bridge of the generator, stabilizer bushings, added oil (I do this every 8–9 thousand km) and changed the filter. The technical resource for which the engine is designed, with a small volume, is sufficient for normal acceleration. And if you add maneuverability and adhesive suspension to this, then, in my opinion, you cannot yet find equal competitors for that amount.
Svetlana, driving experience – 10 years
2008 turned out to be a successful year for me, this was associated not only with the purchase of a diesel Corolla, but also with the successful experience of its operation. In most cases, the lineup was represented by gasoline units, but I wanted to switch from diesel to diesel. And I didn’t regret that I chose this model as a new car. Real savings and a beautiful stylish look are all a girl driver needs!
Sergey, driving experience – 21 years
My beauty 2008 was brought from Europe, since the Japanese concern did not offer diesel engines for Russia. I was pleased with the ability to start in cold weather, even at -40 degrees. Experienced drivers constantly warned me about the difficulties, but I didn’t notice that my fuel froze. It’s also cool that the power is 90 hp. s is a small tax.
Maintenance
The advantages of this power unit include the simplicity of its design and ease of repair. Service was not difficult and consisted of regular oil changes and working with the timing belt.
It must be said that the 4a series motor used a special internal design in which a broken timing belt did not lead to problems with the valves. It is recommended to change the timing belt on this beams series engine every 100 thousand kilometers.
Price of a new and contract engine
The 2ST engine from Toyota costs from 30,000 rubles on the secondary market. Before going on sale, it is tested by the manufacturer, then it is delivered to Russia. Here our experienced mechanics are already inspecting it. If everything is fine, then they put it up for sale.
In good condition, a 2ST engine can be bought for 50,000 rubles. It all depends on the year of manufacture and the mileage that the power unit has covered.
Modifications
Of the diesel modifications of Toyota engines, the 3C TE turbo engine and D4 engines are very popular. The 3C TE diesel engine has a displacement of 2.2 liters and is equipped with fully electronic control. One of the features of this power unit is its omnivorous nature, which allows the use of low-quality diesel fuel.
3c engines have excellent power ratings of 94 horsepower. At the same time, thanks to the high torque, vehicles with 3C TE offer excellent dynamic performance and excellent acceleration.
Note that diesel engines have a timing belt drive. The car owner must take into account that if the belt breaks, it is necessary to carry out expensive major repairs. That is why it is necessary to carry out all service work in full accordance with the requirements of the car manufacturer.
List of car models in which it was installed
Engines of the 2C series were intended for budget sedans and minivans of the Toyota company; unfortunately, low-power engines do not cope well with their duties in heavy cars, but in Carinas and Kaldins the engine performs its functions perfectly.
The list of cars in which 2C engines were installed is presented below:
Toyota Avensis
Toyota Avensis (10.1997 - 12.2000) hatchback, 1st generation, T220
Toyota Avensis (10.1997 - 12.2000) station wagon, 1st generation, T220
Toyota Avensis (10.1997 - 12.2000) sedan, 1st generation, T220
Toyota Caldina
Toyota Caldina (11.1992 - 07.2002) station wagon, 1st generation, T190
Toyota Caldina (11.1992 - 12.1995) station wagon, 1st generation, T190
Toyota Caldina (01.1996 - 08.1997) restyling, station wagon, 1st generation, T190
Toyota Carina
Toyota Carina (08.1996 - 07.1998) sedan, 7th generation, T210
Toyota Carina (08.1994 - 07.1996) restyling, sedan, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina (08.1992 - 07.1994) sedan, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina (05.1990 - 07.1992) restyling, sedan, 5th generation, T170
Toyota Carina (05.1990 - 07.1992) restyling, station wagon, 5th generation, T170
Toyota Carina (05.1988 - 07.1990) sedan, 5th generation, T170
Toyota Carina E
Toyota Carina E (12.1992 - 01.1996) station wagon, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina E (04.1992 - 03.1996) hatchback, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina E (04.1992 - 03.1996) sedan, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina E (04.1996 - 11.1997) restyling, hatchback, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina E (04.1996 - 11.1997) restyling, station wagon, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Carina E (04.1996 - 01.1998) restyling, sedan, 6th generation, T190
Toyota Camry
Toyota Camry (06.1992 - 06.1994) restyling, sedan, 3rd generation, V30
Toyota Camry (07.1990 - 05.1992) sedan, 3rd generation, V30
Toyota Camry (08.1986 - 06.1990) sedan, 2nd generation, V20
Toyota Corolla
Toyota Corolla (06.1992 - 04.1997) station wagon, 7th generation, E100
Toyota Corolla (09.1991 - 06.2002) station wagon, 7th generation, E100
Toyota Corolla (09.1991 - 04.1993) station wagon, 7th generation, E100
Toyota Corona
Toyota Corona (02.1994 - 01.1996) restyling, sedan, 10th generation, T190
Toyota Corona (11.1989 - 01.1992) restyling, sedan, 9th generation, T170
Toyota Corona (12.1987 - 05.1992) station wagon, 9th generation, T170
Toyota Corona (12.1987 - 10.1989) sedan, 9th generation, T170
Toyota Lite Ace
Toyota Lite Ace (10.1996 - 08.2007) minivan, 5th generation, R40, R50
Toyota Lite Ace (01.1992 - 07.1995) minivan, 4th generation, R20, R30
Toyota Lite Ace (08.1988 - 12.1991) restyling, minivan, 3rd generation, M30, M40
Toyota Lite Ace (09.1985 - 07.1988) minivan, 3rd generation, M30, M40
Toyota Lite Ace (09.1985 - 12.1991) minivan, 3rd generation, M30, M40
Toyota Sprinter
Toyota Sprinter (05.1993 - 04.1995) restyling, sedan, 7th generation, E100
Toyota Sprinter (09.1991 - 04.1995) station wagon, 7th generation, E100
Toyota Sprinter (06.1991 - 04.1993) sedan, 7th generation, E100
Toyota Town Ace
Toyota Town Ace (10.1996 - 01.2008) minivan, 3rd generation, R40, R50
Toyota Town Ace (01.1992 - 09.1996) 3rd restyling, minivan, 2nd generation, R20, R30
Toyota Master Ace Surf
Toyota Master Ace Surf (08.1988 - 12.1991) 2nd restyling, minivan, 2nd generation, R20, R30
Toyota Vista
Toyota Vista (06.1992 - 06.1994) restyling, sedan, 3rd generation, V30
Toyota Vista (06.1992 - 06.1994) restyling, sedan, 3rd generation, V30
Toyota Vista (07.1990 - 05.1992) sedan, 3rd generation, V30
Toyota Vista (07.1990 - 05.1992) sedan, 3rd generation, V30
Toyota Vista (08.1988 - 07.1990) restyling, sedan, 2nd generation, V20
Toyota Vista (08.1988 - 07.1990) restyling, sedan, 2nd generation, V20
Toyota Vista (08.1986 - 07.1988) sedan, 2nd generation, V20
Malfunctions
| FAULTS | CAUSES AND REMEDIES |
| Increased oil level and the presence of the smell of gasoline. | This is typical for a fuel pump failure, which leads to gasoline entering the engine crankcase. Toyota engine repair in this case consists of replacing the damaged pump and engine oil with filter. |
| The engine revs poorly, the car has lost power and stalls. | The EGR valve is most likely clogged. It is necessary to open the motor and clean the clogged valve. |
| The revolutions are floating. | Dirty throttle valve or exhaust manifold. It is necessary to open the engine and clean the manifold and throttle valve. |
| The appearance of noticeable engine vibrations. | The pillow has failed and needs to be replaced. In some cases, vibrations may occur due to one inoperative cylinder. |
Briefly about the mechanical part
In this section we will consider the main design features of the 2AD-FHV engine.
The cylinder block of the Toyota 2AD-FHV diesel engine is manufactured using identical technology to the latest generation gasoline internal combustion engines. For its production, an aluminum alloy is used, with the formation of an open cooling jacket. The sleeves are made of cast iron. They have thin walls, which on the outside have an uneven surface structure. This makes it possible to improve heat dissipation and obtain high strength of connection with the block when the sleeve is fused.
For Toyota 2AD-FHV engines, full-size, light-alloy pistons with an additional polymer coating on the skirt are used. The combustion chamber is located in the cylinder head, equipped with a specialized cooling channel. Under the inner part of the upper compression ring, located in the corresponding groove of the piston, there is a ni-resist insert. Floating pins are used to connect the pistons to the connecting rods.
To operate the balancing mechanism, a gear transmission is provided through the crankshaft. The cylinder block is equipped with a one-piece crankcase, in which the crankshaft main bearing caps are cast from cast iron.
This design of the cylinder block of the 2AD-FHV power unit does not provide for major repairs.
Timing drive
This Toyota power unit uses a DOHC 16V gas distribution mechanism. It involves the use of four valves for each cylinder and two camshafts in the cylinder head. Translation of translational motion is carried out using a single-row chain. Its tension is adjusted automatically, thanks to the use of a hydraulic tensioner with a locking mechanism. A special oil nozzle is responsible for supplying the required amount of lubricant to the chain.
The exhaust camshaft is driven by a chain transmission through the crankshaft. Next, the intake camshaft begins to rotate through a gear transmission. It transmits forward rotation to the vacuum and high pressure fuel pump.
Turbine
The 2AD-FHV power units are equipped with a first-generation vacuum-driven turbocharger. They use variable geometry of the guide vane. The turbine is provided with liquid cooling. A turbocharger has the following advantages:
- at high speeds the back pressure decreases;
- at low speeds, power increases;
- no need to use a bypass mechanism;
- the ability to maintain the optimal boost pressure value at various engine speeds.
They are provided by the design features of the turbine:
- if the Toyota engine operates at low speeds and with a reduced load, then the pneumatic drive ensures partial closing of the turbine blades. This occurs as a result of the influence on the control ring, which promotes the rotation of the turbine blades due to the presence of a hinge joint. This process is accompanied by an increase in the rate of gas supply to the turbine, as a result of which the boost pressure increases and the engine torque increases;
- if the power unit operates under significant loads with an increased rotation speed, the turbine blades will move towards the opening. This will reduce exhaust resistance by maintaining optimal boost pressure.
Tuning
Tuning a Toyota 4S series power unit is quite a complex and time-consuming job.
- It is possible to use a direct-flow exhaust and install an additional spider on the exhaust. This allows you to get about 10 additional horsepower.
- We would not recommend opening the engine and performing deep engineering tuning. Firstly, this work is difficult, and secondly, the car owner does not receive the proper increase in power. The same can be said about installing an additional turbine. Motors of the 4a and 4S series are not designed for a significant increase in power indicators, therefore, when installing even a low-power turbine, its service life indicators are noticeably reduced.
