Payment for goods and downloading of the book in electronic form (PDF format) is made on the website.
To do this, you need to find the book you are interested in and click on the “Buy” button. The price of the book is indicated on the button.
For convenience, the price on the website for residents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan is presented in rubles.
For residents of Ukraine in hryvnias, and for all other countries - dollars.
After clicking on the “BUY” button, a payment window will open where you can select a payment system with which you can pay for the selected book using any bank card (Visa, MasterCard, MIR, etc.)
When you click on the “Pay by bank card” button, the Portmone payment system will open, which is the easiest way to make a payment.
In addition, the website offers four payment systems for payment:
- Yandex (payment from any bank cards, Yandex Money account, QIWI Wallet, terminals, etc.);
- Portmone (payment from any bank cards, Portmone account);
- PayPal (payment from any bank cards, PayPal account);
- WebMoney (payment from any bank cards, payment from WebMoney wallets).
Payment via Yandex Cashier
After selecting payment via Yandex, the Yandex Cashier payment system will launch, where you need to select a convenient payment method (bank card, QIWI, Yandex Money account, etc.)
After specifying payment details and confirming payment, payment for the goods will occur.
If you have a bank card in a currency other than the ruble, then the money will be debited from the card at the rate of the Central Bank of Russia at the time of the purchase.
This payment method is optimal for residents of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus.
Official website of the Yandex Kassa payment system https://kassa.yandex.ru
Body and appearance
The appearance is the personification of American automotive design of those years, which was characterized by smooth lines, rounded shapes and the obligatory presence of chrome on the radiator grille. The appearance of the 5th generation Camry fully corresponds to the philosophy of a comfortable, respectable business class car. Compared to the previous generation (XV 20), the body has significantly increased in size: in length by 50 mm, in height by 70 mm, and in width by 10 mm.
The Camry in the 30th body is made of excellent metal: even if the car is all covered with small chips, you are unlikely to find rust on it.
The only place where “bugs” can appear is the trunk lid near the chrome trim. In 2005, the car underwent minor restyling: the radiator grille and front bumper changed, and different headlights and taillights began to be installed.
Payment via Portmone
After selecting payment through Portmone, the payment system will launch, where you need to select the payment method: bank card or Portmone account.
The price in the Portmone payment system is converted into dollars at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the country where you are located.
If you have a bank card in a currency other than the dollar, then the money will be debited from the card at the rate of the Central Bank of your country at the time of the purchase.
After specifying payment details and confirming payment, payment for the goods will occur.
Official website of the Portmone payment system https://www.portmone.com
Suspension replacement process
During operation, the subframe is exposed to road chemicals that cause corrosion of parts. Over time, the structure loses its rigidity and begins to deform, which leads to a violation of the wheel alignment angles. It is impossible to restore the subframe in a garage or service center, so it is necessary to replace the entire structure. Parts are purchased at disassembly sites from vehicles that are in good technical condition (for example, when used in the southern regions, no corrosion is observed).
To remove the front subframe you will need:
- Remove the protective screen located under the engine crankcases and gearbox.
- Unscrew the engine and gearbox mounts.
- Hang the power unit on a hydraulic stand.
- Remove the wheels and discs.
- Remove the brake pipes from the calipers and plug the holes.
- Unscrew the fastenings of the support bearings of the struts.
- Remove the bolts holding the subframe to the body side members.
After disconnecting the structure, it is necessary to remove elements suitable for further use. The suspension is attached to the original places; it is recommended to use new bolts. During assembly, it is important to observe the tightening torques of threaded connections. The procedure for replacing a subframe requires the use of special tools and equipment; it is recommended to carry out work in a service station.
The rear subframe is attached to the body, the muffler and fuel tank do not interfere with the process of removing the structure. When dismantling, you will need to unscrew the bolts securing the trailing arms, disconnect the brake pipes and parking gear drive cables. Additional fixing currents are provided on the top of the shock absorbers (bolts hold the supports on the body cups). The anti-roll bar is equipped with separate brackets that are bolted to the underbody of the vehicle.
Payment via PayPal
After selecting payment via PayPal, the PayPal payment system will launch, where you need to select the payment method: bank card or PayPal account.
If you already have a PayPal account, then you need to log into it and make a payment.
If you do not have a PayPal account and you want to pay using a bank card via PayPal, you need to click on the “Create an Account” button - shown with an arrow in the picture.
PayPal will then prompt you to select your country and provide your credit card information.
After specifying the information required to make the payment, you must click on the “Pay Now” button.
Official website of the PayPal payment system https://www.paypal.com
Engines and transmissions
In the European market, the Toyota Camry 30 was equipped with two gasoline engines: a four-cylinder 2.4 2AZ-FE with a VVT-I system at the inlet and a V6 3.0 1MZ-FE. On the American market there was an opportunity to buy a car with a 3.3 3MZ-FE engine.
The 2.4 power unit has a timing chain drive, the chain is reliable, and before 300 thousand km it will not need replacement. Thanks to the use of a variable intake valve clearance system (VVT-I), the engine pulls even at low speeds, which makes it pleasant to use in urban environments. In the V6 3.0, the gas distribution mechanism is driven by a belt, which must be replaced at least once every 150 thousand km and only together with the rollers.
There are no questions about the reliability of the “thirty” power units; with proper and timely maintenance, they will travel 300 thousand km or more. But don't think that they won't require attention at all.
If the quality of the fuel is poor, the spark plugs will have to be changed every 20 thousand km, and the oxygen sensors will also require replacement. The engine runs smoothly with good spark plugs; the throttle valve needs to be cleaned.
The 5th generation Toyota Camry in Russia was equipped with a 5-speed manual transmission with a 2.4-liter engine and a 4-speed automatic transmission with both engines. The American versions also had an adaptive five-speed automatic transmission. To break these transmissions you have to try hard; problems will arise by 200 thousand km if they are not serviced at all. Change the oil every 50 thousand km and there will be no failures in the gearbox.
Payment via WebMoney
After selecting payment via WebMoney, the payment system will launch, where you need to select the payment method: bank card or WebMoney wallet.
If you already have a WebMoney wallet, then you need to log into it and make a payment.
If you do not have a WebMoney wallet and you want to pay in another way, you need to select any of the methods that WebMoney offers and make the payment
After specifying payment details and confirming payment, payment for the goods will occur.
Official website of the WebMoney payment system https://www.webmoney.ru/
Salon XV 30
The Camry 30 has enough interior space to comfortably seat 5 people. The interior can be trimmed with velor or leather, depending on the configuration, the materials are wear-resistant. The seats are made in the American style, they are soft without obvious lateral support, the driver and front passenger have the opportunity to adjust the lumbar bolster. Heated front seats and climate control will help maintain comfort in the cabin in any weather. During the design, a lot of attention was paid to safety. The basic set of options included the following systems: 4 airbags, ISOFIX mount for child seats, additional brake light, anti-lock system (ABS), brake force distribution (EBD), brake auxiliary system (BAS).
Downloading a book
After successfully completing the payment (by any method) and returning to the KrutilVertel store from the payment system website, you will be taken to the successful payment page:
On this page you need to indicate your e-mail, where access to download the book will be sent.
If you are already registered on our website, then simply follow the link to your personal account.
The book you purchased will be in your personal account, from where you can always download it.
Please note that after making the payment, you need to return back from the payment system website to the KrutilVertel website.
If for some reason you did not return back to the site and closed the payment system tab with a message about the successful completion of the payment, please let us know - we will send you a letter indicating access to download the book.
Let's sum it up
As you can see from the article, you can fix rear and front suspension problems in a car yourself. If malfunctions occur, they should be corrected immediately, since your safety depends on it.
Compared to its predecessor, the line of modifications of the “thirty” was reduced - the creators decided to abandon the production of the 5-door Wagon station wagon. True, these versions of Camry (20) are also impossible to find in Ukraine - they were right-hand drive and were intended only for the domestic market. And the most popular 4-door sedan, as well as the American versions - the Solara coupe and Solara Convertible convertible - remained in production. We also have American-made sedans. They can be distinguished by the absence of side turn signal indicators on the front fenders and the instrument panel, which is digitized in large print in miles and in small print in km/h. According to specialists from the dealer service station, there are no problems with servicing the “Americans”. Moreover, at the owner’s request, the “brains” can be re-flashed, after which a European instrument panel can be installed, digitized in km/h, and the radio will pick up European radio frequencies.
Attention to the decoration!
In general, there are no comments regarding the corrosion resistance of Camry bodies. Occasionally, fogging of the front optics and fog lights in the front bumper occurs. By the way, for “Americans” the front optics cap is made of plastic, while for “Europeans” it is made of glass. Over time, the plastic “sands”, becomes dull and the headlights shine worse. Many people replace them with European ones - more durable and with the right light distribution for us.
It should be noted that the Camry bodies are very strong and provide excellent protection for passengers. There are 4 airbags to guard passive safety (in expensive 3.0-liter versions there are 6). Active safety is provided by ABS and EBD (brake force distribution), as well as Break Asist (emergency braking assistance), and in the 3.0-liter versions, also VSC (exchange rate stability) and TRC (traction control).
Is more worse?
Camry (30) is noticeably larger and more voluminous than its predecessor. Its wheelbase and length increased by 50 mm, height - by 70 mm. The increase in width in numbers does not look very impressive (only +10 mm), but in reality the interior is wider - three passengers will fit in the back row very comfortably, and if necessary, making room for a fourth! But there is also a flip side to the coin - due to the increased dimensions, aerodynamics have deteriorated slightly, and due to the soft suspension, stability has deteriorated. Experts say that at high speeds (after 180 km/h) the “thirty” holds the road worse than its predecessor.
The seats of the Camry (30) are reminiscent of home sofas: the chairs are large, wide, without much lateral support. There is only one comment regarding visibility - due to the high location of the lower edge of the rear window and the sloping trunk lid, the outermost rear clearance is not visible. Although the driver is helped by parking sensors, which many “thirties” are equipped with as standard.
In general, it should be noted that the Camry's interior is very comfortable, and even the basic 2.4-liter versions are richly equipped. In addition to the above active and passive safety systems, they have climate control, electric windows, electric mirrors, windshield wipers with a rain sensor, headlights with a light sensor, an adjustable steering column, power steering, central locking, a branded radio and alloy wheels, wood trim for decorative parts , velor lining. And the expensive 3.0-liter versions will also delight spoiled motorists with electrically adjustable both front seats, cruise control and leather interior trim. By the way, leather is also found on 2.4-liter cars.
Only on gasoline
Most often we come across “thirties” equipped with two gasoline engines of 2.4 and 3.0 liters. It was these versions that were officially supplied to Ukraine. But the “Americans” can have 2.0- and 3.3-liter units.
4-cylinder engines of 2.0 and 2.4 liters are equipped with a proprietary variable valve timing system VVT-i, so they are economical and torquey at low speeds. In addition, on “4-pot” engines and on V6 (3.0 L and 3.3 L) an ignition system is used with individual coils for each spark plug, making the ignition more reliable. According to motorists, both systems, as a rule, do not create problems.
Sometimes we come across versions under the hood of which are hidden units borrowed from the single-platform Lexus ES - a “charged” 213-horsepower 3.0-liter engine with VVT-i and a 5-speed automatic transmission.
No typical malfunctions with the “thirty” engines were identified during operation. Some engines have already traveled about 300 thousand km and do not yet require the intervention of mechanics. Unless due to the use of low-quality fuel, lambda probes fail. In fact, Camry (30) units are “disposable” - their cylinder blocks are made of aluminum alloy, and it is impossible to make a “capital” for them. There are not even repair sizes for the cylinder-piston group.
Please note that V6 versions are more troublesome to maintain. The timing belt of 6-cylinder engines uses a belt that needs to be changed along with the rollers every 150 thousand km (period for the original spare part). 4-cylinder engines have a chain installed that can withstand the entire life of the unit. Although every 150 thousand km, all engines without exception need to adjust the thermal clearances of the valves (work - 540 UAH). You will need to pay extra for adjusting washers separately (1 washer - 13-20 UAH). All engines use spark plugs with platinum electrode tips. Their service life is higher than that of conventional ones (even taking into account the quality of our gasoline), but they are not cheap - about 125 UAH. for 1 piece
Take care of the "automatic"
All Camrys have front axle drive. The 6-cylinder versions were equipped with a 4-speed automatic transmission, and the 4-cylinder versions were equipped with both an automatic transmission and a 5-speed manual transmission. By the way, on automatic transmissions of V6 versions, the control “brains” are either normal or with an adaptive control program that can, by changing the gear shift moment, adapt to different driving styles of the driver.
According to employees, there are problems characteristic of the predecessor. Thus, in case of improper operation (untimely oil change, slipping, sudden starts), failure of the automatic transmission output shaft bearing or loss of tightness of the fluid coupling oil seal is noted. In order not to buy a car with a “dead” automatic transmission, it is recommended to go to a service center and carry out qualified diagnostics of the unit (service - about 400 UAH). The mechanics noted that this amount is not too large, especially in comparison with the cost of repairing the automatic transmission (work alone - 2000 UAH).
But the “mechanics”, as a rule, reliably serve the entire life of the car.
Softly spreads
Compared to its predecessor, the “thirty” has become more imposing, as evidenced by the corresponding settings of the chassis and steering. Thus, the soft suspension provides riders with high comfort while driving. The downside of this setting is the rolliness. When cornering at high speed or making sudden changes, unpleasant rolls occur, and when braking sharply, body dives occur. Thanks to the powerful power steering, the steering is light, which is pleasant when maneuvering in tight parking lots. But at high speeds the steering is not very informative. Structurally, the suspension is similar to the predecessor Camry (20) - a McPherson strut is used at the front, and a multi-link at the rear, although their parts are not interchangeable. The chassis is quite durable; most often (after 30-40 thousand km) only the anti-roll bar bushings will have to be changed. Stabilizer struts last about 70 thousand km on heavy versions with V6 engines and about 100 thousand km on 4-cylinder ones. The remaining “consumables” last even longer. Thus, the silent blocks of the front levers and ball joints can run about 200 thousand km, the bushings of the rear longitudinal rods - 100-150 thousand km, and the transverse rods - even more. The cost of servicing increases is that the rubber bands are supplied together with the front levers (spare part - 1079 UAH), and the rear bearings - together with the hubs (spare part - about 2900 UAH).
By 300 thousand km, the lower crosspiece of the steering shaft may fail (spare part - 750-1000 UAH). Steering rods can last 100-150 thousand km.
In the braking system, problems have been noted with the brake discs - they are deformed. This happens when cold water hits a hot disk after active braking.
Drive is not for her
A used Toyota Camry (30) is still a prestigious vehicle and is perfect for buyers who demand car comfort. And in this regard, the car will not disappoint: even the basic versions are well “stuffed”. The soft, energy-intensive suspension and mild steering contribute to a relaxed ride. It is pleasant and easy to cover long distances with this car. We do not recommend the “thirty” for those who prefer active driving - it is not suitable for this.
Operating experience has made it possible to identify some of the machine’s weaknesses, although in general the “thirty” is more reliable than many competitors. If the Camry interests you, then you can ask the price for it using the weekly “Autobazaar” catalogue.
| Before and after… |
| The range of power units was slightly smaller than that of the hero of our material, and consisted of two gasoline engines - a 4-cylinder 2.2 l 16V (131 hp) and a 6-cylinder 3.0 l 24V (190 hp). ), borrowed from its predecessor - Camry (10). Current, sixth generation Toyota Camry (40) was introduced in 2006. The line of modifications has not changed - there is a 4-door sedan, a Camry Solara coupe and a Camry Solara Convertible convertible. The situation is similar with power units: two engines of 2.4 and 3.3 liters have been “migrated” from their predecessor. In addition to them, two new ones appeared: V6 3.5 l (272 hp) and hybrid (gasoline-electric) 2.4 l (149 hp). The concept of the car remains the same - it is very comfortable and does not encourage active drive. Many people note that the plastic finish has become worse. This is due to more stringent modern requirements for vehicle recycling. Officially, Camry (40) with 2.4 and 3.5 liter engines are sold in Ukraine. According to the domestic importer, the cost of the basic version is $37,050. |
Summary of "Autocenter" High passive safety
| Rich equipment even for basic versions |
| Comfortable, spacious and comfortable interior |
| Spacious trunk |
| Reliable engines |
| Durable and soft suspension |
| High ground clearance |
| Problems with the automatic transmission are possible |
| Possible corrosion of the trunk lid, creaking of the interior trim, deformation of the brake discs |
| High stern limits visibility |
| Lack of economical diesel versions |
| Poor stability at high speeds and during active driving |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Problems when paying with bank cards
Sometimes difficulties may arise when paying with Visa/MasterCard bank cards. The most common of them:
- There is a restriction on the card for paying for online purchases
- A plastic card is not intended for making payments online.
- The plastic card is not activated for making payments online.
- There are not enough funds on the plastic card.
In order to solve these problems, you need to call or write to the technical support of the bank where you are served. Bank specialists will help you resolve them and make payments.
That's basically it. The entire process of paying for a book in PDF format on car repair on our website takes 1-2 minutes.
If you still have any questions, you can ask them using the feedback form, or write us an email at [email protected]
Camry suspensions of the latest generations
Since the presentation of Camry cars for the American and European markets, the manufacturer has used a rear wishbone suspension. The design made it possible to implement rear-wheel drive (vehicles with all drive wheels were supplied to the Japanese domestic market and were offered to a limited extent on external trading platforms).
As the speed of movement increased, changes were introduced into the design of the chassis aimed at increasing rigidity and reliability.
Cars from 2001 to 2006
On V30 generation cars, the rear uses a spring-link suspension mounted on a subframe. The kinematic diagram consists of two transverse levers and one longitudinal one. The rear transverse link has a threaded part that allows you to adjust the wheel alignment angle. The levers are attached to the knuckle, which has a fixation point for a vertical shock absorber that works in conjunction with a spring. The elastic element has coils of different diameters, allowing to obtain a nonlinear stiffness characteristic.
VI generation Toyota Camry
Introduced in 2006, the Camry V40 retained the suspension from the previous generation, but due to the increased weight, the shock absorbers and springs were changed. The car does not sway on uneven road surfaces, and there are no strong body tilts when turning. The suspension retains a roll bar with separate struts equipped with ball joints.
The shock absorber bodies are equipped with cups for installing coil springs with progressive stiffness.
Latest generation Camry
On Camry V70 cars produced from 2021, a modernized suspension is used at the rear; a separate stamped lever with a cup is used to install the spring. The design retains a rod with a length adjuster for adjusting the wheel alignment angle; the transverse arm has a reinforced design. The telescopic shock absorber is attached to the knuckle and the car body, and there is a stability stabilizer between the transverse elements.
Previous generations of Camry cars used hydraulic power steering with a pump mounted on the power unit. The V70 uses an electric power steering, which is located on the steering rack.
The introduction of an electric drive reduced fuel consumption and simplified the steering design.
Quick Comparison Table
The table shows the general characteristics of suspensions for Camry cars of different generations.
| Model | Years of manufacture | Front suspension design | Rear suspension features | Power steering type |
| XV30 | 2001-2006 | MacPherson strut lower control arm and anti-roll bar | A combination of 2 longitudinal and 1 transverse levers, a MacPherson strut is used, and a stabilizer is installed | Hydraulic with speed tracking |
| XV40 | 2006-2011 | Likewise | Likewise | Likewise |
| XV50 and 55 | 2011-2017 | Likewise | Likewise | Likewise |
| XV70 | 2017-present V. | Likewise | The longitudinal and transverse arms are made using stamping technology, the spring and shock absorber are spaced apart, a lateral stability bar and a camber adjustment lever are provided. | Electric with force adjustment depending on speed |
Front suspension device
The official manual characterizes the front suspension as an independent MacPherson link-spring system. The layout of the suspension elements shown in the figure below includes the following elements:
- The right shock absorber and the left one are number 6. They are used to dampen vibrations. In addition to damping vertical movements, they are assigned the function of telescopic guides. A coil spring is installed on top of the shock absorber. There is a compression buffer and a top support. The shock absorber strut transmits force to the car body.
- Anti-roll bar link. Connect the stabilizer bar to the shock absorber strut.
- Spherical bearing.
- Lower arm. Connected to subframe. The fastening is made using silent blocks and rubber-metal bushings.
- Stabilizer bar. It has rubber bushings mounted on it. With their help, fastening to the subframe is realized.
- Rounded fist. Connected to the shock absorber strut on one side and the lower arm on the other. Contains hubs installed. For the mobility of the structure, a double-row angular contact bearing is used.
The disassembled shock absorber strut, which is one of the main elements of the suspension, is shown in the photo below.
Typical front suspension problems
The Toyota Camry 40 suspension is famous for its reliability. Despite this, the poor quality of roads, sporty driving style and wear of parts lead to the fact that at some point the suspension requires repair. The most common problems and methods for resolving them are shown in the table below.
What difficulties might the current owner encounter?
The chrome of the radiator grille is not durable, it does not like salts and reagents. Over time, on Toyota Camry 2001-2006. produced for the American market, the headlights become cloudy. This problem is solved by replacing the plastic protection with glass from the “European” thirty. The electric drives of the antenna and folding mirrors fail; cleaning the mechanisms will not help for long.
Window regulators often break; the mechanism only needs to be replaced completely. The air conditioner has been on for a while, but it’s still hot – the fan, or rather its relay, has failed. The age and difficult conditions of use of the car will lead to radiator leaks, to delay this breakdown, wash the radiator once a year and change the antifreeze every 30 thousand km.
The front brake discs can easily wobble when driving through a puddle after hard braking; they often have to be changed every 30 thousand km. Every time you replace the pads, clean and lubricate the caliper guides; if this is not done, the mechanism may jam.
Camry rear suspension system repair
The rear system, like the front one, is a connecting element for the body and wheels of the car. The question of its repair arises when discomfort appears when moving (lateral rocking, vibration, etc.). Having determined the malfunction, we proceed to repair or replace the defective elements.
To do this you need:
- raise and secure the machine;
- remove the wheel;
- install a support;
- loosen the shock absorber mounting bolt at the bottom;
- loosen the upper mounting bolts of the rack;
- remove the shock absorber;
- install a new spare part, tighten the upper bolts and install the lower connection;
- remove the shock absorber strut;
- mount the wheel;
- lower the car;
- To avoid distortion of the bushings, tighten the fastening bolt at the bottom.
Seventh generation
The production of the seventh generation Camry began in 2011, and production of the model ended in 2021. In this generation, the company’s engineers tried to do everything in such a way as to save the future owner of the car from the “whims” of past Camry versions. Thus, the car received a longer wheelbase - 2.775 m, the front track is 1.575 m wide, while the rear one is 1.565 m.
The front axle shaft of the car is a double-wishbone MacPherson strut with a stabilizer bar. The front suspension design is exactly the same as in the previous generation, but the materials of manufacture have become higher quality, the arms are placed at slightly different angles, and the wheels are located even closer to the outer corners, which makes the car more stable on the road.
The suspension became stiffer, which made the car less rolly and more stable when cornering. The stiffness of the suspension has increased due to the use of a more powerful stabilizer at the front and changed settings. It is worth noting that the body has become significantly lighter, which also improves the maneuverability of the car.
The rear suspension design is unchanged - MacPherson struts are used again with two locking arms, an anti-roll bar, and two shock-absorbing struts with coil springs. It is worth noting that the rear shock absorbers are slightly higher in height than the front ones.
In all the generations described above, the car is as stable as possible on the road, maneuverable and reliable. At the same time, the Camry chassis is often the first cause of car breakdown. So, if there is a knocking sound when driving or the car becomes less able to cope with potholes or uneven roads, the car should be taken to a service station for repairs and diagnostics. You can watch how a particular spare part is replaced in any video on popular video hosting sites. The video describes in some detail the replacement process, which you can repeat according to the proposed plan yourself.
Summarizing all of the above, you can create a visual table of the Camry suspension diagram:
Technical characteristics of Toyota Camry XV 30
The 2.4 2AZ-FE engine with distributed fuel injection and VVT-I system has the following parameters:
- Power – 152 hp.
- Torque – 218 N*m at 4200 rpm
- Fuel used: AI-95 gasoline
- Fuel consumption with manual transmission (automatic transmission) in the combined cycle 8.6 (9.7) l/ per 100 km outside the city – 6.9 (7.6) l/ per 100 km in the urban cycle – 11.7 (13.2) l/ 100 km
Characteristics of the V-shaped, 6-cylinder engine 3.0 1MZ-FE with distributed injection:
- Power – 186 hp
- Torque – 273 N*m at 4300 rpm
- Fuel used: AI-95 gasoline
- Fuel consumption in the combined cycle of automatic transmission – 11 l/per 100 km outside the city – 8.3 l/per 100 km in the urban cycle – 15.7 l/per 100 km
