Toyota Highlander engine tightening torques from 2013, instructions online

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Torque wrench and its types

It is needed to tighten the cylinder head bolts. In 2021, devices are divided into three main types.

Snap key

A fairly popular type of device, widely used due to its moderate cost and ease of operation.

The principle of operation is based on setting the required torque on the main and auxiliary scales. When the set force is reached, the ratchet and key are activated and slip with a characteristic sound.

Arrow key

The very first and simplest variety, preserved from USSR times in many workshops. The operating principle is based on the resistance of the torsion bar when the torque increases.

The main disadvantage is the low accuracy of the device - over time, the torsion bar wears out and the key begins to lie in a larger direction.

Digital key

Digital devices are characterized by increased measurement accuracy, which allows them to be used on advanced internal combustion engines that require careful calibration.

Such keys are still rare in 2021 and are found mainly in workshops, due to their high cost.

Other devices

In the absence of a special tool, you can use improvised materials such as a long lever and a regular cantor. The point is to calculate the standard formula.

For example, to obtain a tightening torque of 10 Nm, you should use a 1 meter long lever and apply a force of 1 kg to its end.

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Mounting features

Regardless of the type of engine, the cylinder head is attached to the block using long studs. The fasteners are tightened in a certain sequence and with a large torque using a torque wrench. The use of the device is mandatory; the stability of the motor and the safety of the driver on the road depend on the accuracy of tightening.

Also, when installing the part, you should use a special gasket. The seal is made of materials that are resistant to pressure and elevated temperatures.

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Tightening procedure for cylinder head bolts

The standard tightening pattern starts from the central screws to the edges. This rule must be strictly adhered to in order to avoid distortion or cracking of the aluminum “motor head”.

Typically the sequence of actions for a four-cylinder model looks like this:

From the first number you need to follow further to the edges. The effect of deformation of the head and gasket will be minimized. The procedure is similar for six or five cylinder in-line internal combustion engines. In the case of a V-shaped block, the sequence is relevant with the allowance for the fact that two heads are used there.

The following motors can be classified as standard row engines:

ZMZ 406/402;
GAZ 53;
D 260;
K24Z3;
YaMZ 236;
D 240.

Since these units are similar in design, the general system is applicable to them. This category includes the Lada Priora with 8/16 valves Chery Tiggo, and the VAZ 2108. Only Japanese engines of Mazda cars, some Toyotas, Hondas and Mitsubishi raise doubts. Due to the high-tech, complex design, the sequence of actions may vary.

Working with a torque wrench

Extreme caution should be exercised when using DMC.
The tool is sensitive to mechanical damage - it’s easy to lose the calibration and the tool will become unusable. Depending on the type of key, the principle and sequence of operation differs.

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Cylinder head bolt tightening torque

For the cylinder head of classic VAZ 2101-07 models, the nominal value is 8 kgf.m.
For other modifications, this moment is not suitable. As a sample, you can take the cylinder head of the Hyundai D4DD engine, where the recommended norm is 18 kgf.m. An important factor is the cleanliness of the operation. Before repairs, you need to clarify how many tightening bolts are designed for in a specific engine model. Some automakers make the elements disposable. This situation is justified by the risk of reuse - the bolts may simply not withstand the second application of load.

Next, before installation, it is imperative to remove all dirt, grease or dust residues from the threaded channels and the screws themselves. Otherwise, debris may clog the bottom of the well, which will prevent the part from being tightened completely.

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35 Toyota Carina Toyota Carina 3S-FE assembly and installation of the cylinder head Installation of the cylinder head
c) Apply paint marks to the front of the cylinder head bolts. 1. Place the cylinder head on the cylinder block of the Toyota Carina 3S-FE, securing the new cylinder head gasket in advance.

2. Install the cylinder head fixing bolts. Note: — the cylinder head fixing bolts are tightened in 2 stages. — if any cylinder head fixing bolt is broken or deformed, replace it. a) apply a thin layer of engine oil to the threads and under the heads of the fixing bolts. b) install and evenly tighten 10 cylinder head fixing bolts and plate washers in several passes in the order indicated in the figure. Tightening torque 49 Nm

If any bolt does not achieve the required torque when tightening, replace the bolt. d) tighten the cylinder head bolts 90° in the order prescribed above. e) make sure that the applied paint mark is 90″ from its original position.? 3. Connect the fuel inlet pipe. 4. Assemble the exhaust camshaft (if disassembled). a) install the camshaft in the clamps. Note: Be careful not to damage the camshaft. b) install the following parts of the Toyota Carina 3S-FE: (1) the camshaft gear spring ring. (2) camshaft drive auxiliary gear. (3) spring washer. Note: Connect the alignment pins on the gears to the ends of the spring. d) insert the technological bolt “a” into the technological hole of the auxiliary gear of the camshaft drive. e) using a screwdriver, connect the hole of the camshaft drive main gear and the auxiliary gear by turning the camshaft drive auxiliary gear clockwise; then install the technological bolt (c). Note: Do not damage the camshaft. e) Connect the teeth of the main and auxiliary gears and tighten the process bolt (c). 5. Install the camshafts. Note: when installing camshafts, it must be taken into account that the axial clearance is very small, so the shafts must be placed in the bearing bed strictly horizontally, without distortions, in order to avoid jamming and/or shaft defects. A. Install the exhaust camshaft of the Toyota Carina 3S-FE. a) apply a layer of engine oil to the end thrust surfaces of the camshaft.

c) Using a tool, install those thrust rings. b) install the exhaust camshaft so that the protrusions of the cams of cylinders No. 2 and No. 4 of the camshaft press on the pushers. c) install the bearing cover No. 3 and tighten the fixing bolts evenly.

d) install the bearing caps in accordance with the markings on their housings. e) apply a thin layer of motor oil to the threads and under the heads of the bearing cap fixing bolts. f) install and evenly tighten the bearing cap fixing bolts in several passes in the prescribed order. Tightening torque 19 Nm B. Install the intake camshaft of the Toyota Carina 3S-FE, a) Install the exhaust camshaft as shown in the figure.

b) engage the drive gears of the exhaust and intake camshafts, aligning the installation marks on the gears with each other. e) Install the bearing caps. c) while maintaining the mesh of the gears, roll the exhaust camshaft into the seats of its journals on the cylinder head.

d) Make sure that the protrusions of the cams No. 1 and No. 3 of the cylinders of the intake camshaft evenly press the pushers.

f) apply a thin layer of motor oil to the threads and under the heads of the bearing cap fixing bolts. g) install bearing cap No. 2 and steadily tighten its fixing bolts in several passes. h) install and evenly tighten the bearing cap fixing bolts in several passes in the prescribed order.

i) Install bearing cap No. 1, applying sealant to it. j) Unscrew the service bolt. Note: further installation of the cylinder head is carried out in the reverse order of its removal.

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