What is it intended for and how is it designed?
When the engine starts after a long stop, in the first seconds its parts come into contact with each other without lubrication.
The viscosity of cold engine oil is higher than in the operating temperature range of the engine. Therefore, it takes some time for the lubricating fluid to penetrate through narrow oil lines to engine parts. Parts of the piston group especially suffer from cold starts. Thus, starting cold motors reduces their service life by up to 1.5 times. In order to avoid this, as well as to facilitate starting the engine in frosty weather, pre-start heaters are designed, powered by a 220 V network. This device is capable of heating the engine in 30 minutes even in severe frost
Design and operation of the preheater
A modern heater is designed quite simply and is not much different from a boiler. The principle of its operation is to heat the coolant (antifreeze, antifreeze) to operating temperature, from 60 to 70 °C. When heated, the liquid begins to move through the pipes of the cooling system, heating the engine parts. To speed up heat transfer, many models are equipped with pumps that create pressure in the small circuit of the cooling system.
To create pressure due to temperature differences, heaters without a pump are connected to the cooling system at its lowest point. A device with a pump can be connected to the cooling system anywhere. When the temperature reaches the set value, the relay will simply turn off the heating element. If the temperature drops again, the relay will turn on the antifreeze heating again. Thus, you can connect the device in advance without fear of overheating the coolant.
In addition to heating the engine cooling jacket, heaters can parallel:
This way you can connect heaters with or without pumps
The power of the heating elements ranges from 500 Watt to 4 kW. The range of additional features depends on the model and complete set of each device. There are also quite simple heaters on sale that are screwed into plugs or drain plugs of engine cooling systems.
Scope of application and variety of models
A simple device and low cost are the main advantages of 220 volt preheaters over other varieties. These devices can be independently installed on any car. You just need to decide on how to mount the device in the engine compartment and follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The only condition limiting the scope of application is the mandatory presence of an electrical outlet nearby.
There are models with a remote control on which you can set the heating temperature of the liquid and the heating time of the timer
Such heaters are best suited for private homeowners or car owners living on the lower floors of high-rise buildings. Those who have a nearby garage with electricity will also be happy. After all, an electric heater can be controlled remotely, from a distance of up to 1 kilometer (with direct visibility). If there are obstacles in the signal path, the distance will be significantly reduced.
Today, motorists can purchase preheaters of both Russian and foreign production. Chinese Longfei devices, as well as Norwegian DEFA ones, are popular among motorists. German Webasto heaters are not very convenient due to installation difficulties, and they are also expensive. Among Russian-made products, one can note the Severs and Start trademarks, produced with sets of mounting spare parts for domestic and foreign car models. Each model comes with its own set of mounting parts, along with installation instructions.
Depending on the engine size, you can choose models with power from 1 to 3 kW
Video: efficiency and features of electric preheaters
Examples of industrial devices
Serial production of 220V engine heaters has been established both for domestic models and for installation on any car. Preheaters of the following models are suitable for installation on the VAZ model:
Among the new generation models, Severs-M heaters are distinguished, which are equipped with an emergency switch and are adapted to some popular models of foreign manufacturers.
If you need to choose a 220V engine preheater, you should pay attention to the products of the Hotstart company from the USA. Here you can find models of varying degrees of complexity:
Recently, the installation of an engine preheater has become possible with models from Chinese manufacturers. Moreover, such products are often equipped with special sockets. Those who have installed budget models know that the main inconvenience of 220V heaters is the need to open the hood every time they are connected. That is why the choice is often made in favor of an autonomous heater. Therefore, a remote socket is a significant advantage of some models.
Other types of preheaters
In addition to electric heaters, other devices are also produced that differ in their operating principle. Their main advantage is complete autonomy of operation.
Autonomous engine heaters
Devices of this type run on the same fuel as car engines. The advantage of autonomous devices is that they can heat up the power unit anywhere without requiring an additional energy source. This quality is important when operating vehicles in remote areas of Siberia and in other places where there is no close access to sources of electricity. The disadvantage of autonomous pre-heaters is their more complex design and high price compared to electric ones. In addition, they are more difficult to install due to the greater number of communications, as well as larger dimensions and weight.
Autonomous devices can run on gasoline and diesel fuel
Video: operation, advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heaters
Thermal accumulators
The design is a large thermos that retains the heat of heated coolant for up to two days. When it is necessary to start the engine, the electric pump is turned on, which pumps hot antifreeze into the small cooling circuit. In this case, the engine heats up in just a few minutes. The advantage is autonomy and no need for additional energy. The disadvantage is the large volume of the structure. Such batteries, under the trademarks “Gulfstream”, “Avtotherm” and others, are produced in Russia.
The heat accumulator is a double-hulled cylindrical vessel with highly efficient vacuum-powder insulation
Diesel fuel heaters
In addition to devices that heat engines, models are also produced that heat the fuel systems of diesel engines. In severe frost, diesel fuel may thicken so much that the diesel engine cannot be started. Such heaters heat diesel fuel to an acceptable temperature. Powered by batteries, DC voltage 12 V. Such devices, Nomakon brand, are produced in Belarus. They are produced in several modifications, installed in different components of the fuel system.
The devices are simple in design, easy to connect and inexpensive
220V Engine Heater Connection Diagrams
You need to connect a longer piece to the input, and a shorter piece to the output.
Longfies are divided into powers - 1.5 kW, 2 kW and 3 kW. In general, this is one of the most optimal options - the battery does not run out, the power of the heating element is high, and after using it, the driver also receives hot air from the stove. For such a connection, a tee fitting is included with the device. This device is mounted in the engine cooling system. HEATING the engine 220V easy starting in any frost, principle of operation, installation on VAZ 2108,2109,21 In case of self-installation, you should follow the detailed instructions. The pipe leading to the radiator is simply cut and a heater is inserted there at both ends.
This is where the idea arose that it was time to change the car to a foreign car. In order to use them, you just need to press a button.
When inserting into the cooling system, keep in mind that it is advisable to place the heater below the interior space heater radiator. The air filter device with the blower is reinstalled, and high-voltage cables are connected to the spark plugs. In addition to standard functions, heaters quickly warm up the interior of the car. Do not turn on the engine heater if there is no coolant in the cooling system.
This power is not enough to warm up the engine in severe frost. Most drivers consider this nuance to be a disadvantage, since it is difficult to find a parking space where it is possible to connect to the electrical network.
Overview of bumper connector for engine heaters. Installation Guide.
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Heated severs for Toyota Corolla model from 2007
Heater Severs Designed for pre-heating of internal combustion engines of vehicles and units with a liquid cooling system. The heater is suitable for both cars and trucks of domestic and imported production.
Operating principle: built into the engine cooling system, powered from a 220V electrical network. The coolant (antifreeze) heats up and, expanding, displaces the colder one, ensuring directed circulation of the liquid through the electric heater and the engine cooling jacket.
Severs on Toyota Corolla
Main technical characteristics and design features
Heater Severs
Power 1.5 kW Rated voltage 220V Current type – alternating Current frequency 50 Hz
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Installation of antifreeze heater
The installation of this device will be analyzed using the VAZ model as an example. For correct installation you must have:
- Antifreeze Container for draining old coolant Branded clamps Heater Cooling system hoses (reinforced)
To install the heater, you must perform the following steps:
- First you need to disconnect the wires from the battery. Next, you need to drain the old antifreeze into a container. After this, you should remove the cover of the intake fitting at the fuel pump and attach the hose that is included with the heater in its place. The formation of bubbles and air gaps must not be allowed. The device must be installed on the engine suspension bolt. To do this, you need to remove the nut on this bolt and install the bracket for attaching the heating element. The structure is secured with a standard nut. A heating block should be attached to the installed bracket. Next, the antifreeze heater should be connected to the cooling system of the car. To do this, you need to remove the cap of the expansion tank. Then turn off the heating tap. The outlet pipe of the heating device is connected to the heater hose from the motor fitting. The resulting structure should be tied with a clamp. The pipe of the car's cooling system pump is connected to the incoming pipe of the heater. Also secure the structure with a clamp. The hose should be placed on the right side of the wing mudguard. If you have an engine with an injector, then the heater feed element should be pulled from the pipeline to drain. To carry out this operation, you need to unscrew the drain hose and put in its place a fitting with a tight gasket. The filter is installed directly into the fitting. The filter is connected to the fuel pipe via a hose. The connections made are subject to mandatory fixation. If the engine is a carburetor type, then the power supply is connected to the incoming fitting of the fuel pump using the method described above. Next, the gas outlet pipe is put on the exhaust fitting of the heater. The connection is tied with clamps. The pipe is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the vehicle. The pipe is attached with bolts to the cylinder block bracket. The air pipe is installed on the coolant heater in the same way. The tip should be installed as high as possible, but it should not interfere with the mechanism for opening and closing the hood. The control panel for this device should be secured with a screw or self-tapping screw to the instrument panel. The wires should be routed through special holes in the shield. The contacts need to be connected to the sockets of the pads on the heater. After this, electricity should be supplied to the sockets numbered one, two, three and four of the XS 4 pads. And finally, it is necessary to fill in the antifreeze. The wires to the battery are installed in their original place. Next, turn the heating valve to the right all the way and turn on the engine. It is recommended to immediately check the device connections for leaks. Turn off the engine and add the required amount of antifreeze. When working, pay close attention to safety precautions. The laying of wires and hoses must be carried out in such a way that there are no kinks or microcracks. By the way, it is also recommended to replace standard hoses with branded reinforced ones
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Connection methods
Since the instructions included with the devices are poorly translated, and the diagrams depicted in them are not very clear, many simply cannot figure out how to properly install the device with their own hands.
There are several ways to install the device on your car. The first connection diagram is serial, and it is shown below:
Sequential installation diagram of the Longfey heater
It is more suitable for models with a parallel arrangement of terminals, since the device is inserted into only one pipeline of the system - supplying antifreeze to the interior heater radiator.
This scheme is quite simple, and to install it you need:
With this connection diagram, for normal operation of the device, you should always keep the coolant supply valve to the heater radiator open.
The second connection method is parallel. It is more suitable for models with perpendicular leads. A diagram of such an insert is presented below:
Let's look at 2 ways to install the Longfei heater
There are two ways to embed longfey, parallel and sequential. Which one to choose? We will pay attention to the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and you choose which one is closer and more rational to you.
— Parallel method of installing Longfei
Parallel installation of the Longfei preheater is considered more labor-intensive than sequential installation. Due to the release of the small circulation circle of antifreeze from the resistance of the heater. The installation conditions for this method must be supported by technical skill and a certain amount of knowledge on hydrodynamics and auto mechanics on your part.
How to Install an Engine Heater on a Toyota Corolla
Severs heaters are designed for pre-starting internal combustion engines of cars and liquid-cooled units. The heater is suitable for both passenger cars and trucks of Russian and foreign production.
Mechanism of operation: built-in engine cooling system, powered by a 220 V electronic network. The coolant (antifreeze) heats up and, expanding, presses on the cooler, providing directed circulation of water through the electric heater and the engine cooling jacket.
North on Toyota Corolla
Main technical and design features
Severs insulation
Power 1.5 kW Rated voltage 220 V Current type is variable Current frequency 50 Hz
Toyota mounting kit No. 120
2007 Toyota Corolla Dali 1ZR (1.6L) owner's manual
Cut the rubber sleeve into pieces along the length: first (outlet sleeve) L2 = 220 mm; balance (inlet hose) L1 = 580 mm.
Secure the heater to the fingers of the brackets through the bushings with washers and nuts (Fig. 1).
Place the sleeves over the appropriate heater attachments and secure the connections with clamps.
Insert the spring into the outlet sleeve.
Remove the drain valve mounting bolt (located on the rear right side of the vehicle). Rice. 2. Drain the coolant.
Unscrew the drain valve from the cylinder block and clean the threaded hole.
Remove the manifold pipe bracket bottom bracket bolt (see Figure 3, 6).
Apply sealant to the threads of the fitting and screw it into the 2351 extension. Apply sealant to the threads of the extension and screw it (along with the fitting) in place of the faucet (Figure 2).
Bolt bracket with heater
Cut off the hose coming from the internal heater radiator, cut a section of 20 mm (Fig. 4).
Place clamps S20-32 onto the cut hose.
Install the tee into the hose section with the side hole facing the heater.
Place the outlet sleeve with clamp onto the fitting and secure the connection with the clamp (Fig. 6). You may need to adjust (cut) the sleeve length. Pour 250 ml of coolant through the inlet hose into the heater.
Insert the inlet sleeve with clamp into the side of the tee and secure the connection with the clamps (Figure 4).
Place the corrugated pipe on the inlet sleeve and secure it with the fixing tape on the air conditioner pipe (Fig. 5).
Fill the cooling system.
The power cable must be laid and secured with straps to ensure its protection from mechanical damage and to prevent possible contact with moving and heating parts of the engine.
Check the connection for coolant leaks; if so, delete.
Run the engine for 3-5 minutes, and after stopping the engine, add coolant to the desired level.
Turn on the 220V heater (after a few seconds the coolant noise will heat up), check the heating of the outlet and exhaust hoses.
Source
Toyota Corolla, 2007, 1ZR (1.6 l.), manual transmission (MK No. 120)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HEATER INSTALLATION
Operation
INSTRUCTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Preparing the heater for installation
Cut the rubber sleeve into lengths: first of all (outlet sleeve) L2 = 220 mm; remainder (inlet sleeve) L1 = 580 mm. Secure the heater to the bracket with studs through the bushings using washers and nuts (see Appendix PRM-0120, Fig. 1). Place the sleeves on the corresponding heater pipes and secure the connections with clamps. Insert a spring into the outlet sleeve.
Loosen the shut-off bolt of the drain valve (located on the rear right side along the direction of the car) fig. 2. Drain the coolant. Unscrew the drain valve from the engine cylinder block and clean the threaded hole. Unscrew the lower bolt securing the manifold pipe bracket (see Fig. 3, 6).
Apply sealant to the threads of the fitting and screw it into extension 2351. Apply sealant to the threads of the extension and screw it (together with the fitting) instead of the faucet (Fig. 2).
Secure the bracket with the heater with a bolt (see Fig. 3, 6).
Cut the hose leading from the interior heater radiator, cut a 20 mm section (Fig. 4). Place clamps S20-32 on the cut hose. Install the tee into the cut in the hose, with the side outlet directed towards the engine towards the heater.
Connection of the heater to the cooling system
Place the outlet hose with a clamp on the fitting and secure the connection with a clamp (Fig. 6). The length of the hose may need to be adjusted (trimmed). Pour 250 ml of coolant into the heater through the inlet sleeve. Place the inlet hose with a clamp on the side outlet of the tee and secure the connections with clamps (Fig. 4). Place a corrugated pipe on the inlet hose and secure it with a fastening strap to the air conditioner pipe (Fig. 5). Fill the cooling system.
Fixing the network cable
The power cable should be laid and secured with straps to ensure its safety from mechanical damage, as well as to prevent possible contact with moving and heated parts of the engine.
Check connections for coolant leaks and repair if present. Start the engine for 3-5 minutes, and after stopping the engine, add coolant to the required level.
Checking the heater operation
Turn on the heater to a 220 V network (after a few seconds the noise of the heating coolant will be heard), check the heating of the outlet hose and outlet hoses. After 3-5 minutes, turn off the heater.
ATTENTION! The heater can be operated only after the engine has warmed up to operating temperature (the thermostat must be open) and the efficiency of the interior heater has been checked. This must be done to eliminate air locks in the cooling system.
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